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AŞEZĂRI
NEOLITICE PE VALEA MUREŞULUI (II)
Noi
cercetări la Turdaş – Luncă
I.
Campaniile anilor 1992-1995
English Title: NEOLITHIC SETTLEMENTS IN THE VALLEY OF THE MUREŞ (II) NEW ARCHAEOLOGICAL
RESEARSCH AT TURDAŞ–LUNCĂ, I. THE 1992–1995 CAMPAINGS. Autor: Sabin Adrian LUCA, BIBLIOTHECA MVSEI APVLENSIS XVII, ISBN 973-590-514,
Editura Economică, 2001 © copyright: Sabin Adrian
Luca
Coperta 1 / Coperta 2 / Cuprins (Content) Explanatory chart of the
illustrations
List 1 Maps
List
Map 1. The middle part of
Mureş between Turdaş and Orăştie. 1 = The neo–aeneolithic
settlement from Turdaş–Luncă; 2 = The Turdaş settlement from
Pricaz; 3 = The Coţofeni settlement between Turdaş and Pricaz; 4 =
The Turdaş settlement from Orăştie–Dealul Pemilor, point X2;
5 = The neo–aeneolithic settlement from Orăştie–Dealul Pemilor, point X1. Map 2. The topographical survey of the Neolithic
settlement from Turdaş–Luncă.
Not-hachured area = excavation between 1992–1995. Hachured area = excavations
between 1996–1998 List 2 Maps List Plan 1. The localization
of the neo–aeneolithic settlement from Turdaş–Luncă (La Luncă).
A = Central area (here were researched areas S I / 1992–1993, S II /
1994–1995 and the square excavation C3/1993); B = western area
(here were researched the square excavation C1-2/1993 and C4-5/1994–1995);
C = eastern area; D = the area of the inhumation tomb, M1, saved
in the summer of 1995 Plan 2. a = area S
II/1994–1995, remains of dwellings from the intermediate level (II),
horizontal plan: A. Fragment of the adobe wall belonging to a surface
dwelling, with holes for poles and posts. On the northwest side can be
observed an oven (hearth with garden ?) with two phases of rebuilding.
Towards the center of the area (represented by the dotted line) can be
observed the remains of the bottom of the ritual hole for the foundations of
dwelling L2/1994–1995. B. Fragment of an adobe wall; b = area S
II/1994–1995, the horizontal plan of archaeological grounds on the bottom
(archaeological remains) of the excavation; c = vertical stratigraphy of the
eastern wall belonging to area S II/1994–1995; d = vertical stratigraphy of
the southern wall belonging to area S II/1994–1995. Plan 3. a = horizontal
stratigraphy of dwelling L1/1992 and its superposition with B1/1992;
b = collapsed wall of a dwelling discovered in area S I/1992–1993. Plan 4. a = vertical
stratigraphy of the northern wall of square excavation C1/1993; b
= tomb M1/1995; c = vertical stratigraphy of the southern wall of
square excavation C3/1993; d = vertical stratigraphy of the
northern wall of square excavation C4/1994–1995. Plan 5. a = vertical
stratigraphy of the southern wall belonging to area S I/1992–1993; b =
horizontal stratigraphy of the archaeological grounds from the bottom
(archaeological remains) of the excavation from area S1/1992–1993. List 3 Figurines list Fig. 1. Turdaş–Luncă. Silex tools. Fig. 2. Turdaş–Luncă. 1, 4-7, 10-16, 18 =
polished stone axes; 2-3, 9 = bone and horn tools; 9 = silex piece; 17 = stone weight. Fig. 3. Turdaş–Luncă. 1 = statue fragment (?);
2-3, 9 = amuletes; 4 = bronz link; 5-7, 10-11, 14 = polished stone axes; 8,
12 = pieces of fine arts in clay; 15 = stone powder; 17 = altar receptacle. Fig. 4. Turdaş–Luncă. Fine arts in clay. Fig. 5. Turdaş–Luncă. 1 = clay slate with marks
on it; 8, 12 = fine arts in clay; 2 = mini–receptacle; 3-4 = fragments of
receptacles–colander / smoking–pan; 5-6, 9 = amulets; 7-10 = miniature
receptacles; 11 = cultural Precucuteni importation. Fig. 6. Turdaş–Luncă. Head with a mask made in
gritstone. Fig. 7. Turdaş–Luncă. 6-8, 10-11, 14-15 = fine
art; 1-5, 9, 12-13 = pottery. Fig. 8. Turdaş–Luncă. 1-2, 4 = weights; 3 =
polisher for pottery; 6 = pendant–amulet; 5 = painted pottery fragment. Fig. 9. Turdaş–Luncă. 1-7, 9-10 = clay weights;
9 = stone might. Fig. 10.
Turdaş–Luncă. 1 = clay
spoon; 4-7 = clay weight; 8 = polished stone axe. Fig. 11. Turdaş–Luncă. Clay weight. Fig. 12.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery. Fig. 13. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery. Fig. 14.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery. Fig. 15.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery
(6-7, 11-12 = marked fragments; 5 = pottery fragment marked with polished
ornaments; 7-12 = painted fragments). Fig. 16.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery. Fig. 17. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery. Fig. 18.
Turdaş–Luncă. 1-6, 8-10 =
pottery; 7 = foot of a clay altar. Fig. 19.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery. Fig. 20.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery. Fig. 21.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery. Fig. 22. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery. Fig. 23. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery. Fig. 24.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (3
= marked pottery fragment). Fig. 25.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (1
= painted pottery fragment; 2 = polished–marked pottery fragment; 3-9 =
marked pottery fragments). Fig. 26. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (1, 3, 5 = marked
pottery fragments). Fig. 27.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (1, 4-8= marked pottery fragment;
6-7 = painted pottery fragments; 2 = receptacle for special use; 3 =
miniature foot of clay). Fig. 28. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (1-3, 6 ,9-10 =
marked pottery fragments; 4-6 = pottery fragments painted with bitumen; 2-6 =
pottery fragments painted with red, after burning, with decorative belts and
marked signs in–between). Fig. 29.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery
(1-3 = marked pottery fragments). Fig. 30. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery
decorated by marking. Fig. 31. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery
decorated by marking (16 = not–decorated pottery fragment). Fig. 32.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (2,
4, 6-7 = marked pottery fragments; 3 = pottery fragment painted with red
in–between marked belts; 5 = pottery fragment painted with black before (?)
burning). Fig. 33.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery ( 9
= pottery fragment decorated with marks on the bottom of the receptacle; 2 =
cultural Precucuteni importation). Fig. 34.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery
decorated by marking with the marking technique (13 = colander / smokingpan;
14,16 = not–decorated pottery fragments). Fig. 35.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (2,
5, 7 = marked pottery fragments). Fig. 36.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (1,
6-7, 10, 12 = marked pottery fragments; 5, 8 = Precucuteni cultural
importation), 9 = foot print on a
piece of adobe. Fig. 37. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (1-2, 7-14 = not
decorated pottery fragments). Fig. 38. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery
(3-8, 10-17, 19-21, 23 = decorated pottery fragments). Fig. 39.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery
(1-11, 13, 15-16 = decorated pottery fragments). Fig. 40. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery
(2-7 = decorated pottery fragments). Fig. 41.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (1,
4, 7 = decorated pottery fragments). Fig. 42.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery
(2-5, 7-8 = decorated pottery fragments). Fig. 43.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (2
= decorated pottery fragments). Fig. 44.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery
(1-2 = decorated pottery fragments). Fig. 45. Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery (3
= decorated pottery fragments). Fig. 46.
Turdaş–Luncă. Pottery
(5-6, 9, 11-15, 17, 19 = decorated pottery fragments). List 4
Drawing List
Drawing I.
The evolution of pottery aspects from level I (older in central area) at
Turdaş–Luncă. Drawing II.
The evolution of pottery aspects from level II – inferior (central area) at
Turdaş–Luncă. Drawing III.
The evolution of pottery aspects from level II – superior (central area; I
western side) at Turdaş–Luncă.
Drawing IV.
The evolution of pottery aspects from level III (new in central area; II
western side) at Turdaş– Luncă. Drawing V.
The evolution of pottery aspects from Coţofeni level (III in the western
side) at Turdaş–Luncă. Drawing VI. Drawing VII. Drawing VIII. Drawing IX. List 5
Drawing List
The distribution of the
archaeological materials exemplified in figurines on levels at dwelling
archaeological grounds an areas or square excavation Fig. 1. Level III,
dwelling L2/1994–1995, material taken from area S II Fig. 2. 3 = level I,
mudhut B1/1992, material taken from area S I. 1-2, 12, 15, 17-18 = dwelling L1/1992,
material taken from area S I, level II – superior. 9, 11 = level II – inferior, mudhut B3/1993,
material taken from the square excavation C. 4-8, 10, 12-16 = level II (from
the layer) Fig. 3. 2-15 = level II, dwelling L2/1994–1995,
material taken from area S II. 1 = level III, western area (from the layer) Fig. 4. 1-3, 5= level II –
superior, dwelling L1/1992, material taken from area S I. 4, 6 =
level III ( from the layer) Fig. 5. 1 = level I,
mudhut B1/1992, material taken from the area S I. 2, 5, 7-8, 10-12
= level II – superior, dwelling L1/1992, material taken from
area S I. 3-4 = level II (from the
layer) Fig. 6. Level III,
dwelling L2/1994–1995 material taken from area S II (ritual hole
for the foundation of the dwelling place). Fig. 7. 1-5,
9-12 = level II – inferior, mudhut B3/1993, material taken from
square excavation C3. 6-8, 13-15 = level II – superior, dwelling L4/1995,
material taken from area S II. Fig. 8. Level II –
superior, dwelling L1/1992, material taken from area S I. Fig. 9. Level III,
dwelling L2/1994–1995, material taken from area S I. Fig. 10. 2-3, 8 = level II – superior,
dwelling L4/1995, material taken from area S II. 1, 4- 7 = level
III, dwelling L2/1994–1995, material taken from area S II. Fig. 11.
Level II, dwelling L2/1994–1995, material taken from area S II. Fig. 12.
Level I, mudhut B1/1992, material from area S I. Fig. 13.
Level I, mudhut B1/1992, material from area S I. Fig. 14.
Level II – superior, dwelling L4/1995, material taken from area S
II. Fig. 15.
Level I, mudhut B1/1992, material taken from area S I. Fig. 16. 5
= level I, mudhut B2/1992–1993, material taken from area S I. 1-4,
6 = level II – inferior, mudhut B3/1993, material taken from the
square excavation C3. Fig. 17.
Level I, mudhut B1/1992, material taken from area S I. Fig. 18.
1-2, 4-10 = level II – inferior, mudhut B3/1993, material taken
from the excavation C3. 3 = level III, western area, material
taken from the square excavation C1. Fig. 19.
Level II – superior, dwelling L4/1995, material taken from area S
II. Fig. 20.
Level II – superior, dwelling L1/1992, material taken from areas
I. Fig. 21. Level I, mudhut B2/1992–1993,
material taken from area S I. Fig. 22.
1, 4-5, 7-8 = level II – inferior, mudhut B4/1995, material taken
from area S II. 2-3, 6, 9-10 = level II – superior, dwelling L4/1995,
material taken from area S II. Fig. 23.
Level II (material taken from layer of culture) Fig. 24.
1-5, 7, 9-10 = level II – superior (material from the layer). 8 = level II
(material from the layer of culture) Fig. 25.
Level I, mudhut B1/1992, material taken from area S I. Fig. 26.
Level II – superior, dwelling L1/1992, material taken from area S
I. Fig. 27. Level II – inferior, mudhut B4/1995,
material taken from area S II. Fig. 28.
1, 3, 6, 8, 10 = level II – inferior, mudhut B4/1995, material
taken from area S II. 2, 4-5, 7, 9 = level II – superior, dwelling L4/1995,
material taken from area S II. Fig 29. 2-3, 6 = level II
– inferior, mudhut B4/1995, material taken from area S II. 4-5 =
level II – superior, dwelling L4/1995, material taken from area S
II. 1 = level II, western area (from the layer of culture) Fig. 30.
2, 4, 7-10, 12-13 = level I, mudhut B1/1992, material taken from
area S I. 3, 5, 11 = level II – inferior, mudhut B3/1993, material
taken from the square excavation C3. 6 = level III (material taken
from the layer of culture) Fig. 31.
Level I, mudhut B1/1992, material taken from area S I Fig. 32. 1-3, 5-7 = level II – inferior,
mudhut B3/1993, material taken from the square excavation C3.
4 = level II – superior, dwelling L1/1992, material taken from
area S I. 8-13 = level II (material from the layer of culture). Fig. 33.
Level II – inferior, mudhut B3/1993, material taken from the
square excavation C3. Fig. 34.
1-10, 12-15, 17 = level II – inferior, mudhut B3/1993, material
taken from the square excavation C3. 11, 16, 18 = level II,
western area, material taken from the square excavation C4. Fig. 35.
Level I, mudhut B1/1992, material taken from area S I. Fig. 36.
5,7-8, 10, 13-15 = level II – inferior, mudhut B4/1995, material
taken from area S II. 9 = level II – superior, dwelling L1/1992,
material taken from area S I. 1-4, 6, 11-12 = level III, dwelling L3/1992,
material taken from area S I. Fig. 37.
1, 3-8, 12-14 = level II – inferior, mudhut B3/1993, material taken
from the square excavation C3. 2, 9-11 = level III, dwelling L3/1992,
material taken from area S I. Fig. 38.
Level III, dwelling L3/1992, material taken from area S I. Fig. 39.
Level III, dwelling L3/1992, material taken from area S I. Fig. 40.
Level III, dwelling L3/1992, material taken from area S I. Fig. 41.
Level III, dwelling L3/1992, material taken from area S I. Fig. 42.
1, 4, 8 = level II – inferior, mudhut B3/1993, material taken from
the square of excavation C3. 10 = level III, dwelling L3/1992,
material from area S I. 2-3, 5-7, 11 = level II, western area, material taken
from the square of excavation C4. Fig. 43.
Level III, dwelling L2/1994–1995, material taken from area S II. Fig. 44.
Level III, dwelling L2/1994–1995, material taken from area S II. Fig. 45.
Level II – inferior, mudhut B2/1993, material taken from the
square of excavation C2. Fig. 46.
Level III, western area, material taken from the square of excavation C1. List
6
The list of organisation
of the archaeological materials in accordance with their distribution in the
archaeological grounds (dwellings) studied between 1992–1995 in the site of
Turdaş–Luncă
The
mudhut B1/1992, level I, area S I (Fig. 2/3; 5/1; 12-13; 15; 17;
21; 30/ 2, 4, 7-10, 12-13; 31; 35). The
mudhut B2/1992–1993, level I, area S I (Fig. 16/5; 21). The
mudhut B3/1993, level II – inferior, square excavation C1
( Fig. 2/11; 7/1-5, 9-12; 16 / 1-4, 6; 18/1-2, 4-10; 30/ 3, 5, 11; 32/1-3,
5-7; 33; 34/ 1-10, 12-15, 17; 37/ 1, 2-8, 12-14; 42/1, 4, 8; 45). The
mudhut B4/1995, level II – inferior, area S I (Fig. 22/1, 4-5,
7-8; 27; 28/ 1, 3, 6, 8, 10; 29/ 2-3, 6; 36/5, 7-8, 10, 13-15). The
dwelling L1/1992, level II – superior, area S I (Fig. 2/ 17-18, 4/ 1-3, 5; 5/2, 5, 7-8, 10-12;
8; 20; 26; 32/4; 36/9). The
dwelling L2/1994–1995, level III, area S II (Fig. 1; 3/2-15, 6, 9;
10/1, 4-7, 11; 43-44). The
dwelling L3/1992, level III, area S I (Fig. 36/1-4, 6, 11-12;
37/2, 9-11; 38-41; 42/10). The
dwelling L4/1995, level II – superior, area S I (Fig. 7/6-11,
13-15, 10/2-3, 8; 14; 19; 22/2-3, 6, 9-10; 28/2, 4-5, 7, 9; 29/4-5). List
7
The list of the
organization of archaeological materials studied between 1992–1995, in
accordance with distribution in the researched area s and with the types of
the research units at the site of Turdaş–Luncă
Area
S I/1992–1993 (Fig. 2/3, 17-18, 2/4-8, 10, 12-16; 4-5; 8; 12-13; 15; 16/5;
17; 20-21; 25-26; 30/2-13; 31; 32/4; 35; 36/1-4, 6, 9, 11-12; 37/2, 9-11;
38-41; 42/10). Area
S II/1994–1995 (Fig. 1; 3/2-15; 6; 7/6-11, 13-15; 9; 10-11; 14; 19; 22-24;
27-29; 32/8-13; 36/5, 7-8, 10, 13-15; 43-44; 45). Square
excavation C1/1993 (Fig. 3/1; 18/3; 46). Square
excavation C2/1993 (Fig. 30/1; 45/3). Square
excavation C3/1993 (Fig. 2/9, 11; 7/1-5, 9-12; 16/1-4, 6; 18/1-2,
4-10; 32/ 1-3, 5-7; 33; 34/1-10, 12-15, 17; 37/1, 3-8, 12-14; 42/1, 4, 8). Square
excavation C4/1994–1995 (Fig. 34/11-16, 18; 42/2-3, 5-7, 11). Square
excavation C5/1994–1995 (not illustrated here). List
8
The list of the
organization of archaeological materials studied between 1992–1995, in
accordance with distribution in dwelling levels of Turdaş–Luncă site (central area)
Level I – Fig.
2/3; 5; 12-13, 15; 16/5; 17; 21; 25; 30/2, 4, 7-10, 12-13; 31; 35. Level II – inferior – Fig.
2/9, 11;7/ 1-5, 9-12; 16/ 1-4, 6; 18/ 1-2, 4-10; 22/1, 4-5, 7-8; 24/ 1-5, 7 ,
9-10,; 27; 28/1, 3, 6, 8, 10; 29/ 2-3, 6;30/ 3, 5, 11; 32/1-3, 5-7,; 33;
34/1-10, 12-15, 17; 36/ 5, 7-8, 10, 13-15; 37/ 1, 3-8, 12-14; 42/1, 4, 8; 45. Level II – superior – Fig.2/1-2;
12; 15; 17-18; 4/ 1-3, 5; 7/6-11, 13-15; 8; 10/1-3, 8; 14; 19-20; 22/2-3, 6,
9-10; 26; 28/2, 4-5, 7, 9; 29/ 4-5; 32/ 4; 36/ 9. Level II –
from the layer (Fig. 23; 24;/8; 32/8-13. Level III –
Fig. 1; 2/4-8, 10, 12-16; 3; 4/4, 6; 5/3-4; 6; 9; 10/1, 4-7; 11; 30/6; 36
/1-4, 6, 11-12; 37/2, 9-11; 38-41; 42/10; 43-44. List
9
The list of the
organization of archaeological materials studied between 1992–1995, in
accordance with distribution in dwelling levels of Turdaş–Luncă site (western area)
Level I – Fig. 30/1. Level II – Fig. 29/1;
34/11-16,18; 42/2-3, 3-5,11;45/3. Level III – Fig. 3/1; 18/3, 46.
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